Summary of evidence for threshold setting of multi-parameter electrocardiograph monitor in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To retrieve the evidence for threshold setting of multi-parameter electrocardiograph (ECG) monitors in intensive care unit (ICU), and summarize the best evidence.@*METHODS@#After literature retrieval, clinical guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary and systematic review that met the requirements were screened. Guidelines were evaluated by the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II (AGREE II), expert consensus and systematic review were evaluated by the Australian JBI evidence-based health care center authenticity evaluation tool, and evidence summary was evaluated by the CASE checklist. High-quality literature was selected to extract evidence related to the use and setup of multi-parameter ECG monitors in the ICU.@*RESULTS@#A total of 19 literatures were included, including 7 guidelines, 2 expert consensus, 8 systematic reviews, 1 evidence summary, and 1 national industry standard. After evidence extraction, translation, proofreading and summary, a total of 32 pieces of evidence were integrated. The included evidence involved the environmental preparation for the application of the ECG monitor, the electrical requirements of the ECG monitor, ECG monitor use process, ECG monitor alarm setting principles, ECG monitor alarm heart rate or heart rhythm monitoring setting, ECG monitor alarm blood pressure monitoring setting, ECG monitor alarm respiratory and blood oxygen saturation threshold setting, alarm delay warning time setting, adjusting alarm setting method, evaluating alarm setting time, improving the comfort of monitoring patients, reducing nuisance alarm report the occurrence, alarm priority processing, alarm intelligent processing and so on.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This summary of evidence involves many aspects of the setting and application of ECG monitor. According to the latest guidelines and expert consensus, it is updated and revised to guide healthcare workers to monitor patients more scientifically and safely, and aims to ensure patient safety.

Research progress on minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose detection methods / 生物医学工程学杂志

Blood glucose monitoring has become the weakest point in the overall management of diabetes in China. Long-term monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients has become an important means of controlling the development of diabetes and its complications, so that technological innovations in blood glucose testing methods have far-reaching implications for accurate blood glucose testing. This article discusses the basic principles of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing assays, including urine glucose assays, tear assays, methods of extravasation of tissue fluid, and optical detection methods, etc., focuses on the advantages of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing methods and the latest relevant results, and summarizes the current problems of various testing methods and prospects for future development trends.

Asistencia del recién nacido con hernia diafragmática congénita / Care of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia / Cuidados ao recém-nascido com hérnia diafragmática congênita

La hernia diafragmática congénita es un defecto en el diafragma que lleva a la herniación del contenido abdominal a la cavidad torácica durante el período intrauterino. La morbimortalidad está determinada por la asociación con otras malformaciones, el grado de hipoplasia pulmonar y la presencia de hipertensión pulmonar secundaria. Presenta una incidencia estimada de 1 cada 2.500-3.000 recién nacidos vivos, constituyendo en un 60% una malformación aislada. Es una patología evolutiva que puede ser diagnosticada a partir de la semana 20-24, la ubicación más habitual es la posterolateral izquierda. Se trata de una patología que requiere ingreso a cuidados intensivos al nacimiento y luego de lograda la estabilización del paciente es de sanción quirúrgica. Los objetivos de este trabajo son conocer las características generales de la patología para sistematizar el manejo logrando así un óptimo asesoramiento de los padres a nivel prenatal y seguimiento postnatal del recién nacido.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm that leads to herniation of theabdominal contents of the thoracic cavity during the intrauterine period. Morbidity and mortality are determined by the association with other malformations, the degree ofpulmonary hypoplasia and the presence of secondary pulmonary hypertension.It has an estimated incidence of 1 every 2,500-3,000 live newborns, and in 60% of the cases it is an isolated malformation. It is an evolutionary pathology that can be diagnosed from week 20-24; it is most commonly located in the left posterolateral. It is a pathology that requires intensive care at birth and after delivery and once the patient has been stabilized, surgical action is required. The objectives of this work are to understand the general characteristics of the pathology in order to refine its manipulation and achieve optimal counseling for parents at the newborn's prenatal and postnatal stages.

A hérnia diafragmática congênita é um defeito no diafragma que leva à herniação doconteúdo abdominal para a cavidade torácica durante o período intrauterino. A morbimortalidade é determinada pela associação com outras malformações, pelo grau de hipoplasia pulmonar e pela presença de hipertensão pulmonar secundária. Apresenta uma incidência estimada de 1 a cada 2.500-3.000 nascidos vivos, constituindo-se em 60% uma malformação isolada. É uma patologia evolutiva que pode ser diagnosticada a partir da semana 20-24 e a localização mais comum é o póstero-lateral esquerdo. É uma patologia que requer internação em terapia intensiva ao nascimento e após o parto. Uma vez que o paciente for estabilizado, é necessária ação cirúrgica. Os objetivos deste paper são conhecer as características gerais da patologia para melhorar o seu manejo, obtendo assim um aconselhamento ideal para os pais no nível pré-natal e no acompanhamento do crescimento pós-natal do recém-nascido.

Monitoring physiological and biochemical indices in the systematic training of sprinters / Monitoramento de índices fisiológicos e bioquímicos no treino sistemático de velocistas / Monitoreo de los índices fisiológicos y bioquímicos en el entrenamiento sistemático de velocistas

ABSTRACT Introduction This paper studies physiological and biochemical indicators in the systematic training of sprinters. This paper analyzes the data measured during the athletes' training process and studies the detailed data of their physical functions. Objective This study aimed to find a link between exercise data and biochemical indicator data in sprinter athletes. By analyzing the data from this article, the researchers were able to find the optimal training program for the athletes. Methods High-intensity aerobic training tests were performed with statistical analysis of various physiological and biochemical indicators. Results Hemoglobin data were shown to be highly sensitive to intensity. The researchers found that long-term high-load training in athletes can lead to physical fatigue. This fatigue production is positively correlated with the intensity of the training load. Conclusion There is a strong positive correlation between biochemical and physiological indicators on performance levels in sprinter athletes. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução Este artigo estuda o monitoramento de indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos no treino sistemático de velocistas. Este documento analisa os dados medidos durante o processo de treino das atletas e estuda os dados detalhados de suas funções físicas. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar uma ligação entre os dados de exercício e os dados de indicadores bioquímicos nas atletas velocistas. Ao analisar as informações deste artigo, os pesquisadores conseguiram encontrar um programa de treino ideal para as atletas. Métodos Foram empegadas experiências de treino aeróbico de alta intensidade, com análise estatística de vários indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Resultados Os dados de hemoglobina mostraram-se altamente sensíveis à intensidade. Os pesquisadores descobriram que o treino a longo prazo de alta carga em atletas pode acarretar numa fadiga física. Essa produção de fadiga está positivamente correlacionada com a intensidade da carga de treino. Conclusão Há uma forte correlação positiva entre indicadores bioquímicos e fisiológicos nos níveis de desempenho em atletas velocistas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción Este trabajo estudia el seguimiento de los indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos en el entrenamiento sistemático de los velocistas. Este artículo analiza los datos medidos durante el proceso de entrenamiento de los atletas y estudia los datos detallados de sus funciones físicas. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar una relación entre los datos del ejercicio y los datos de los indicadores bioquímicos en los atletas velocistas. Al analizar las informaciones de este artículo, los investigadores pudieron encontrar un programa de entrenamiento óptimo para los atletas. Métodos Se realizaron pruebas de entrenamiento aeróbico de alta intensidad con análisis estadístico de varios indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Resultados Los datos de la hemoglobina se mostraron muy sensibles a la intensidad. Los investigadores descubrieron que el entrenamiento de alta carga a largo plazo en los atletas puede conducir a la fatiga física. Esta producción de fatiga está positivamente correlacionada con la intensidad de la carga de entrenamiento. Conclusión Existe una fuerte correlación positiva entre los indicadores bioquímicos y fisiológicos en los niveles de rendimiento de los atletas velocistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Apps y Medicina: una visión global y la situación chilena / An appraisal of healthcare mobile applications

Mobile applications (Apps) may become effective aids in health care. Health Apps could reduce barriers such as access and costs and could be used to monitor symptoms, behaviors and even treatments. There is more evidence of their usefulness in nutrition, cardiovascular and mental health. Despite this, its current use is predominantly for information purposes. Healthcare App quality evaluation should consider both clinical and technological aspects since the evidence on its clinical effectiveness is still incipient and they have associated risks. In Chile, the use of mobile technology and Apps is increasing, but there are no regulations for their use. There are few national institutions oriented to the creation and development of Apps for healthcare, highlighting the Digital Transformation Committee, part of the Corporation for the Promotion of Production (CORFO) and the National Center for Health Information Systems (CENS). General recommendations for healthcare App development and use have been established. In this process, it would be beneficial to include actors involved in care. Given the progress of healthcare Apps worldwide and nationally, it is important that health professionals develop digital skills to maximize the potential benefit of these technologies.

Alterações em exames citopatológicos realizados em Unidade Básica de Saúde: um estudo analítico transversal / Alterations in cytopathological tests performed in a Basic Health Unit: a cross-cutting analytical study

Objetivo: Com o presente estudo, buscou-se verificar a quantidade de exames de colpocitologia oncótica coletados em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) escolhida, determinar quantas e quais são as alterações encontradas nesses exames e quais foram as condutas e acompanhamentos realizados em pacientes com exames alterados. Métodos: Foram analisados 446 exames de colpocitologia oncótica realizados em uma UBS do centro-oeste do Paraná. As pacientes com exame alterado foram selecionadas e foi feita uma análise desses prontuários a fim de verificar a conduta e o acompanhamento dessas pacientes. Resultados: Foram encontrados 32 exames com alterações, sendo três de uma mesma paciente. Dessas 30 pacientes, a grande maioria correspondia a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), possivelmente não neoplásicas, e 28 pacientes retornaram para receber uma conduta inicial, sendo principalmente o encaminhamento para a coleta de novo preventivo em seis meses ao serviço de oncologia clínica. Conclusão: O presente estudo concluiu que a hipótese principal foi verdadeira, a qual foi descrita como prevalência significativa de lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau, embora não seja a mais frequente, e descontinuidade por parte das pacientes que obtiveram esse resultado. Além disso, notou-se grande encaminhamento à atenção terciária, o que não é indicado pelo Ministério da Saúde.(AU)

Objective: With the present study, we sought to verify the amount of cytopathological tests collected in the chosen basic health unit, to determine how many and what are the alterations found in these tests and what were the conducts and follow-ups performed in patients with altered exams. Methods: We analyzed 446 preventive tests performed in a basic health unit in the Midwest of Paraná, and patients with altered examination were selected and an analysis of these medical records was made in order to verify the conduct and follow-up of the patients. Results: Thirty-two tests with alterations were performed, 3 of which were the same patient. Of these 30 patients, the vast majority corresponded to atypical cells of squamous meaning ­ possibly non-neoplastic (ASC-US), and 28 patients returned to receive an initial approach, mainly being referred to the collection of preventive new in 6 months and to the clinical oncology service. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the main hypothesis was true, which was described as a significant prevalence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), although not the most frequent, and discontinuity on the part of the patients who obtained this result. In addition, there was a large referral to tertiary care, which is not indicated by the Ministry of Health.(AU)

Monitoramento avançado de enfermagem: pacientes de risco na atenção primária / Monitoreo avanzado de enfermería: pacientes de riesgo en atención primaria / Advanced nursing monitoring: At-risk patients in Primary Care

Resumo Objetivo avaliar o efeito do monitoramento de enfermagem avançado em relação ao usual para identificação do risco cardiovascular e renal, adesão medicamentosa e prática de exercícios na atenção primária à saúde. Método estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental desenvolvido na Atenção primária. Em relação a intervenção, foram consultas de enfermagem trimestrais de monitoramento avançado e laboratorial trimestral. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se questionário sociodemográfico, escala Morisky e Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados sexo feminino predominou nos dois grupos intervenção e controle (62,79% vs. 76,74%). O percentual de pacientes sem risco cardiovascular do grupo intervenção superou o grupo controle da consulta 1 para consulta 3, (0,00% - 25,58% vs. 6,98 - 2,33). Adesão medicamentosa máxima, ao longo do tempo, foi superior no grupo intervenção comparado ao grupo controle (48,8% vs. 23,3%). O risco cardiovascular dos usuários interferiu na atividade física de forma significativa no grupo intervenção e controle (p=0,0261 vs. 0,0438). Conclusões e implicações para a prática a monitorização avançada possibilitou uma melhor identificação de pacientes de risco e orientações aos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos com risco cardiovascular e renal, o que favoreceu o monitoramento avançado e contribuiu ao autogerenciamento da prática de exercícios e adesão medicamentosa, a partir de consultas de enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo evaluar el efecto de la monitorización avanzada de enfermería frente a la habitual para identificar el riesgo cardiovascular y renal, la adherencia a la medicación y la práctica del ejercicio en la atención primaria de salud. Método estudio cuasiexperimental cuantitativo desarrollado en Atención Primaria. En cuanto a la intervención, se realizaron consultas de enfermería trimestrales para seguimiento avanzado y laboratorio trimestral. Para la recopilación de datos se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, escala de Morisky y Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Resultados el género femenino predominó tanto en el grupo de intervención como en el de control (62,79% vs 76,74%). El porcentaje de pacientes sin riesgo cardiovascular en el grupo de intervención superó al grupo de control desde la cita 1 hasta la cita 3 (0,00% - 25,58% frente a 6,98 - 2,33). La adherencia máxima al fármaco, a lo largo del tiempo, fue mayor en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo de control (48,8% frente a 23,3%). El riesgo cardiovascular de los usuarios interfirió significativamente con la actividad física en los grupos de intervención y control (p = 0,0261 frente a 0,0438). Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica la monitorización avanzada permitió identificar mejor a los pacientes en riesgo y orientar a los pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos con riesgo cardiovascular y renal, lo que favoreció el monitoreo avanzado y contribuyó al autocontrol de la práctica de ejercicio y la adherencia a la medicación, desde las consultas de enfermería.

Abstract Objective to evaluate the effect of advanced versus usual Nursing monitoring to identify cardiovascular and renal risk, adherence to medication and practice of physical exercise in Primary Health Care. Method a quantitative and quasi-experimental study developed in Primary Care. In relation to the intervention, there were quarterly Nursing advanced monitoring consultations and quarterly laboratory control. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Morisky scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied. Results the female gender predominated both in the intervention and in the control group (62.79% vs. 76.74%). The percentage of patients without cardiovascular risk in the intervention group exceeded the control group from consultation 1 to consultation 3 (0.00% - 25.58% vs. 6.98 - 2.33). Maximum adherence to medication, over time, was higher in the intervention group when compared to the control group (48.8% vs. 23.3%). The users' cardiovascular risk significantly interfered with physical activity in the intervention and control groups (p=0.0261 vs. 0.0438). Conclusions and implications for the practice advanced monitoring enabled better identification of at-risk patients and guidelines for the hypertensive and diabetic patients at cardiovascular and renal risk, which favored advanced monitoring and contributed to self-management of the practice of physical exercise and adherence to medication, based on Nursing consultations.

O uso de aplicativo de celular para medir frequência cardíaca e saturação periférica de oxigênio / The use of cellular application to measure heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation

Avaliar a associação da medida de frequência cardíaca (FC) e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2 ) utilizando um aplicativo de celular e um monitor multiparamétrico. Métodos: Estudo experimental e randomizado entre participantes saudáveis. Investigou o aplicativo Samsung Health® e o monitor multiparamétrico da marca Midway®, modelo: PM-60. O estudo foi estruturado em quatro etapas. Para análise estatística, aplicou correlação de Pearson e Spearman, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Dos 150 participantes a idade média foi de 22,3±4,5 anos, o sexo feminino foi predominante (71,3%). Verificouse forte correlação da FC medida pelo monitor com a FC do aplicativo de celular (r=0,93) indicando correlação positiva (p<0,001). A SpO2 medida por monitor multiparamétrico e pelo aplicativo de celular revelou um r=0,05 (p=0,51), o que atesta uma correlação nula e não significativa. Conclusão: Não houve correlação entre a medida da SpO2 do monitor multiparamétrico e do aplicativo Samsung Health®, não sendo confiável a utilização deste aplicativo para monitorar e gerenciar o sinal vital SpO2 em pessoas saudáveis. A FC medida com o aplicativo é significativa, e pode ser utilizada para monitorar e gerenciar esse sinal vital.

Assess the association of the measure of heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) using a mobile application and a multiparameter monitor. Methods: Study experimental and randomized healthy participants. Investigated the application Samsung Health® and multiparameter monitor Midway® make, model: PM-60. The study was divided into four stages. Statistical analysis was applied Pearson and Spearman correlation with 5% significance level. Results: Of the 150 participants average age was 22.3±4.5 years, females were predominant (71.3%). There was a strong correlation HR measured by the monitor application to cell FC (r=0.93) indicating a positive correlation (p<0.001). SpO2 measured by multiparameter monitor and the mobile application revealed r=0.05 (p=0.51), which demonstrates a zero and no significant correlation. Conclusion: There was no correlation between the SpO2 measurement of the multiparameter monitor and the Samsung Health® app, not being trusted to use this application to monitor and manage the vital sign SpO2 in healthy people. The HR measured with the application is significant, and can be used to monitor and manage this vital sign.

Technical Difficulties in the Implementation of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System / 中国医疗器械杂志

The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) has been clinically applied to monitor the dynamic change of the subcutaneous interstitial glucose concentration which is a function of the blood glucose level by glucose sensors. It can track blood glucose levels all day along, and thus provide comprehensive and reliable information about blood glucose dynamics. The clinical application of CGMS enables monitoring of blood glucose fluctuations and the discovery of hidden hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia that are difficult to be detected by traditional methods. As a CGMS needs to work subcutaneously for a long time, a series of factors such as biocompatibility, enzyme inactivation, oxygen deficiency, foreign body reaction, implant size, electrode flexibility, error correction, comfort, device toxicity, electrical safety, et al. should be considered beforehand. The study focused on the difficulties in the technology, and compared the products of Abbott, Medtronic and DexCom, then summarized their cutting-edge. Finally, this study expounded some key technologies in dynamic blood glucose monitoring and therefore can be utilized as a reference for the development of CGMS.

Development of a Wireless Wearable Body Temperature Measurement System Based on NTC / 中国医疗器械杂志

Body temperature is an important physiological parameter of the human body and is used in medicine to reflect the physiological state and health status of the human body. At present, the commonly used clinical thermometers on the market are mainly divided into contact and non-contact types. Most of them are used for rapid body temperature measurement, and it is not easy to monitor body temperature changes in real time. This article introduces a new wearable wireless body temperature monitoring system based on NTC, which senses through NTC. The temperature changes are amplified and filtered, zeroed, and calibrated, and then the temperature data is uploaded to the mobile phone APP via Bluetooth in real time to achieve real-time accurate measurement of body temperature.

Intelligent fault diagnosis expert system for multi-parameter monitor based on fault tree / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the dilemma of expensive and difficult maintenance, lack of technical data and insufficient maintenance force for modern medical equipment, an intelligent fault diagnosis expert system of multi-parameter monitor based on fault tree was proposed in this study. Firstly, the fault tree of multi-parameter monitor was established and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, then based on the analysis results of fault tree, the expert system knowledge base and inference engine were constructed and the overall framework of the system was determined, finally the intelligent fault diagnosis expert system for multi-parameter monitor was developed by using the page hypertext preprocessor (PHP) language, with an accuracy rate of 80% in fault diagnosis. The results showed that technology fusion on the basis of fault tree and expert system can effectively realize intelligent fault diagnosis of multi-parameter monitors and provide troubleshooting suggestions, which can not only provide experience accumulation for fault diagnosis of multi-parameter monitors, but also provide a new idea and technical support for fault diagnosis of medical equipment.

Research Progress on Enzyme-free Blood Glucose Sensor / 中国医疗器械杂志

Blood glucose monitoring is of great significance to diabetic patients, and the development of rapid, accurate and real-time glucose detection technology has become a research hotspot nowadays. This study introduces the concept and classification of the enzyme-free glucose sensor, expounds enzymefree glucose sensor electrode characterization methods and the application progress of different materials in enzyme-free blood glucose sensors. Meanwhile, some problems of enzyme-free glucose sensor existing in the current research and its future application prospects also will be discussed.

Portable Monitoring Device for Motor Rehabilitation Equipment with Rotor Shaft / 中国医疗器械杂志

A novel and portable device is proposed to monitor motor rehabilitation equipment, which can be mounted on most equipment with rotor shaft. The software of the device, whose main functions include equipment configuration, monitoring and statistical computation, is developed based on available sensor. The data collected by the device serve both department managers to learn the efficiency of the equipment, and physicians and therapists to understand the physical conditions of the patients who perform training exercises with the monitored rehabilitation equipment. About 2000 hours' monitoring has been carried out, and the experimental result indicates that the monitoring device is applicable to many types of motor rehabilitation equipment and achieves good monitoring accuracy. The data aggregated by the device can be used to evaluate the motor functions of the patients and make rehabilitation training plan. Besides, it is agreed by physicians and therapists that the device is easy-to-use, robust and has good real-time performance. The monitoring device thus holds the promise of boosting the development of digitalized rehabilitation medicine.

Research Progress of Physiologic Parameters Monitoring Technology for Critical Neonates / 中国医疗器械杂志

Physiological parameter monitoring is essential to medical staff to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Monitoring in NICU includes basic vital signal monitoring and functional monitoring. Basic vital signal monitoring (including ECG, respiration, SpO2, blood pressure, temperature) is advanced and focus on study of usability, continuity and anti-interference. Functional monitoring (including respiratory function, circulatory function, cerebral function) still focus on study of monitoring precision and reliability. Meanwhile, video monitoring and artifact intelligence have presented well performance on improving monitoring precision and anti-interference. In this article, the main parameters and relevant measurement technology for monitoring critical neonates were described.

Application and research of smart wearable devices for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude / 生物医学工程学杂志

Smart wearable devices play an increasingly important role in physiological monitoring and disease prevention because they are portable, real-time, dynamic and continuous.The popularization of smart wearable devices among people under high-altitude environment would be beneficial for the prevention for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude. The current review comprehensively elucidates the effects of high-altitude environment on the heart and brain of different population and experimental subjects, the characteristics and applications of different types of wearable devices, and the limitations and challenges for their application. By emphasizing their application values, this review provides practical reference information for the prevention of high-altitude disease and the protection of life and health.

Modos ventilatorios usados en pacientes críticos con covid-19 en la región de Lombardía, Italia / Ventilation modes used in critical patient with COVID-19 in the region of Lombardy, Italy

RESUMEN Introducción: la covid-19 es una enfermedad donde la ventilación mecánica artificial cobra vital importancia. Se estima que el 50 % de los casos graves o críticos que requieren manejo en unidades de cuidados intensivos fallecen. Objetivos: se evaluó el impacto de los modos ventilatorios usados en pacientes con covid-19 en Lombardía, Italia, en la oxigenación, la hemodinámica y la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico longitudinal retrospectivo en 86 pacientes críticos con covid-19, en el Hospital Mayor de Crema, en Lombardía, Italia, desde el 1 de abril al 20 de mayo de 2020. Se realizaron análisis no paramétrico y de la varianza. Resultados: Hubo una supervivencia del 76,7 %. El modo utilizado tuvo igual comportamiento en occisos (BiPAP-3, PCV-4, VCRP-4, APRV-5, VCV-4) y en vivos (BiPAP-10, PCV-17, VCRP-14, APRV-15, VCV-10); test de x2 = 0,59; test de análisis de la varianza media índice PO2/FIO2 (PCV = 132), (BiPAP = 132) (VCV = 115) p = 0,924. La presión de final de espiración positiva (BiPAP-12, PCV-13, VCRP-13, APRV-13, VCV-14) con p = 0,205. PCO2 (BiPAP-55, PCV-52, VCRP-57, APRV-59, VCV-57) con p = 0,512. La tensión arterial media (BiPAP-84, PCV-83, VCRP-84, APRV-82, VCV-83) con p = 0,988. Modelos de cálculo de la presión de final de espiración positiva, según modo ventilatorio: BiPAP: PEEP = -0,0331 (índice PO2/FiO2) +18,215; PCV: PEEP = -0,0047 (índice PO2/FiO2) +13,717; VCRP: PEEP = -0,0204 (índice PO2/FiO2) +15,678; APRV: PEEP = -0,0092 (índice PO2/FiO2) +14,889. Conclusiones: la evolución del paciente crítico con covid-19 está determinada en gran medida por la ventilación mecánica invasiva; sin embargo, no existió suficiente evidencia para recomendar una u otra modalidad ventilatoria. El éxito está en conocer con exactitud las características del respirador, su modalidad y el paciente en cuestión. (AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease in which mechanical ventilation acquires vital importance. It is estimated that 50 % of the serious and critical patients requiring management in intensive care units die. Objectives: to assess the impact of the ventilation modes used in patients with COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy, on oxygenation, hemodynamics and mortality. Materials and methods: a retrospective, longitudinal, analytic study was carried out in 86 critical patients with COVID-19 who entered the Main Hospital of Crema, in Lombardy, Italy, from April 1st to May 20, 2020. Results: the survival was 76.7 %. The used mode showed the same behavior in deceased patients (BiPAP-3, PCV-4, VCRP-4, APRV-5, VCV-4) and in alive patients (BiPAP-10, PCV-17, VCRP-14, APRV-15, VCV-10). X2 = 0.59. ANOVA test index PO2/FIO2 (PCV = 132), (BiPAP = 132) (VCV=115) p = 0.924. PEEP (BiPAP-12, PCV-13, VCRP-13, APRV-13, VCV-14) p = 0.205. PCO2 (BiPAP-55, PCV-52, VCRP-57, APRV-59, VCV-57) p = 0.512. Average blood pressure (BiPAP-84, PCV-83, VCRP-84, APRV-82, VCV-83) p = 0.988. PEEP models according to ventilation mode: BiPAP: PEEP = -0.0331 (PO2/FiO2 index) +18.215. PCV: PEEP = -0.0047 (PO2/FiO2 index) + 13.717; VCRP: PEEP = -0.0204 (PO2/FiO2 index) + 15.678; APRV: PEEP = -0.0092 (PO2/FiO2 index) +14.889. Conclusion: the evolution of the critical patient with COVID-19 is determined mostly by the invasive mechanical ventilation; but we did not find evidence enough to recommend one or the other ventilation mode. The success stands in knowing accurately the characteristics of the ventilator, the ventilation modes and the patient (AU).

Comparison of high-level athlete training between chinese and american universities based on the internet of things / Comparação do treinamento de atletas de alto nível entre universidades chinesas e americanas com baseado na internet das coisas / Comparación de la formación de atletas de alto nivel en colegios y universidades chinos y estadounidenses basada en la tecnología de internet de las cosas

ABSTRACT In order to improve the training quality of high-level athletes in Chinese and American universities, an athlete's sports information transmission model is designed based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The communication protocol between Ayla module and the main motion control board, Ayla module and client APP or cloud platform, and APP and cloud platform in the system is designed in detail. For the Ayla module, the most important hardware part of the system, the internal composition and software design are described. In the mobile phone client part that is closely related to the user, the MVC architecture is adopted, the singleton and agent design patterns are utilized, and the functional design of each part is elaborated, including APP interface animation, data transmission format, network communication, and database storage. The research results show that the system of this study can handle most of the athlete training information, and the prediction accuracy exceeds the traditional algorithm. This research study is of great significance for improving the training efficiency of high-level athletes and further expanding the scope of application of the IoT.

RESUMO A fim de melhorar a qualidade do treinamento de atletas de alto nível em universidades chinesas e americanas, um modelo de transmissão esportiva de informações esportivas é projetado com base na Internet das Coisas. Projetou-se em detalhes o protocolo de comunicação entre o módulo Ayla e a placa de controle principal de movimento, o módulo Ayla e o aplicativo-cliente ou a plataforma de nuvem, o aplicativo e a plataforma de nuvem no sistema. Para o módulo Ayla, a parte de hardware mais importante do sistema, a composição interna e o projeto de software são descritos. Na parte do cliente de celular intimamente relacionada com o usuário, a arquitetura MVC é adotada, e os padrões de design de singleton e agente são utilizados, e o projeto funcional de cada parte é elaborado, incluindo animação de interface APP, formato de transmissão de dados, comunicação de rede e armazenamento de banco de dados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o sistema deste estudo pode lidar com a maioria das informações de treinamento de atletas, e a precisão da previsão excede o algoritmo tradicional. A pesquisa deste artigo é de grande significância para melhorar a eficiência de treinamento de atletas de alto nível e expandir ainda mais o âmbito de aplicação da Internet das Coisas.

RESUMEN A fin de mejorar la calidad del entrenamiento de atletas de alto nivel en universidades chinas y americanas, un modelo de transmisión deportiva de informaciones deportivas es proyectado basándose en la Internet de las Cosas. Se proyectó en detalles el protocolo de comunicación entre el módulo Ayla y la placa de control principal de movimiento, el módulo Ayla y el aplicativo-cliente o la plataforma de nube, el aplicativo y la plataforma de nube en el sistema. Para el módulo Ayla, la parte de hardware más importante del sistema, la composición interna y el proyecto de software son descritos. En la parte del cliente de celular íntimamente relacionada con el usuario, la arquitectura MVC es adoptada, y los estándares de diseño de singleton y agente son utilizados, y el proyecto funcional de cada parte es elaborado, incluyendo animación de interface APP, formato de transmisión de datos, comunicación de red y almacenamiento de banco de datos. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el sistema de este estudio puede lidiar con la mayoría de las informaciones de entrenamiento de atletas, y la precisión de la previsión excede el algoritmo tradicional. La investigación de este artículo es de gran significación para mejorar la eficiencia de entrenamiento de atletas de alto nivel y expandir aún más el ámbito de aplicación de la Internet de las Cosas.

Construction of intelligent campus tennis players' body data monitoring and injury warning system based on data fusion / Construção de sistema inteligente de monitoramento de dados corporais e alerta de lesões para jogadores de tênis baseado na fusão de dados / Construcción de un sistema inteligente de monitoreo de datos físicos y alerta temprana de lesiones para jugadores de tenis del campus basado en la fusión de datos

ABSTRACT As far as competitive sports are concerned, scientifically organizing the training process and strictly following the training rules are the only way to success. Tennis is the foundation of all sports. It develops physical and motor skills in a comprehensive and effective manner. Biomechanical diagnosis is mainly carried out on the basis of force-time curve recording of different movement modes, and the generated data is processed by computer through a special measuring device. The main purpose of this study is to use data fusion technology to analyze and evaluate the injury factors involved in various sports. Based on this, a dynamic chain model for early warning of sports injury risk factors is established, which can provide a reference for athletes to avoid and reduce the risk of injuries and ensure normal training and competition. In tennis training, scientific training monitoring is applied to diagnose and monitor athletes' physical function and psychological state. Conduct humanized and scientific management of the training process.

RESUMO No que se refere aos esportes competitivos, a organização científica do processo de treinamento e o cumprimento estrito das regras de treinamento são a única forma de êxito. O tênis é a base de todos os esportes. O tênis desenvolve competências físicas e motoras de uma forma abrangente e eficaz. O diagnóstico biomecânico é realizado principalmente com base na gravação da curva força-tempo de diferentes modos de movimento, e os dados gerados são processados pelo computador através de um dispositivo de medição especial. O objetivo principal deste estudo é usar a tecnologia de fusão de dados para analisar e avaliar vários fatores de lesão esportiva. Com base nisso, estabelece-se um modelo dinâmico de cadeia para o alerta precoce de fatores de risco de lesão esportiva, podendo fornecer uma referência para que os atletas evitem e reduzam o risco de lesão e garantam a normalidade dos treinos e das competições. No treinamento de tênis, aplica-se o monitoramento de treinamento científico para diagnosticar e monitorar a função física dos atletas e seu estado psicológico. Conduzir a gestão humanizada e científica do processo de treinamento.

RESUMEN En lo que se refiere a los deportes competitivos, la organización científica del proceso de entrenamiento y el cumplimiento estricto de las reglas de entrenamiento son la única forma de éxito. El tenis es la base de todos los deportes. El tenis desarrolla competencias físicas y motoras de una forma abarcadora y eficaz. El diagnóstico biomecánico es realizado principalmente basándose en la grabación de la curva fuerza-tiempo de diferentes modos de movimiento, y los datos generados son procesados por la computadora por medio de un dispositivo de medición especial. El objetivo principal de este estudio es usar la tecnología de fusión de datos para analizar y evaluar varios factores de lesión deportiva. Sobre esa base, se establece un modelo dinámico de cadena para la alerta precoz de factores de riesgo de lesión deportiva, pudiendo proveer una referencia para que los atletas eviten y reduzcan el riesgo de lesión y garanticen la normalidad de los entrenamientos y de las competencias. En el entrenamiento de tenis, se aplica el monitoreo de entrenamiento científico para diagnosticar y monitorear la función física de los atletas y su estado psicológico. Conducir la gestión humanizada y científica del proceso de entrenamiento.

Efeitos da musicoterapia nas respostas fisiológicas dos recém-nascidos pré-termos em ventilação não invasiva: estudo quase-experimental / Effects of music therapy on the physiological responses of preterm newborns on non-invasive ventilation: a quasi-experimental study / Efectos de la musicoterapia sobre las respuestas fisiológicas de los recién nacidos prematuros con ventilación no invasiva: estudio cuasiexperimental

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da musicoterapia nas respostas fisiológicas do recém-nascido pré-termo (RNPT) em ventilação não invasiva. MÉTODO: Estudo quase-experimental, de grupo único, do tipo antes e depois, com trinta prematuros, hospitalizados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. RESULTADOS: Em relação à frequência respiratória (FR), observou-se redução de até seis incursões por minuto (p=<0,001) e em relação à frequência cardíaca (FC), de até sete batimentos por minuto (p=<0,002). Na saturação de oxigênio, identificou-se o aumento em média de 2% (p=0,003). A temperatura axilar apresentou aumento de 0,1ºC após a intervenção (p=0,05). Na escala de dor, identificou-se uma redução de um ponto (p=0,001). DISCUSSÃO: A musicoterapia apresenta efeitos benéficos em relação a redução da FR, da FC e do nível de dor, bem como, aumento da saturação de oxigênio e da temperatura axilar. CONCLUSÃO: A musicoterapia interfere positivamente nas respostas fisiológicas do RNPT em ventilação não invasiva.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of music therapy on the physiological responses of preterm newborns (PTNBs) on non-invasive ventilation. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study, with a single group and of the before-and-after type, conducted with thirty premature infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. RESULTS: As for respiratory frequency (RF), a reduction of up to six breaths per minute was observed (p=<0.001) and, in relation to heart rate (HR), the reduction was up to seven beats per minute (p=<0.002). In oxygen saturation, a 2% (p=0.003) mean increase was identified. Axillary temperature presented a 0.1ºC increase after the intervention (p=0.05). In the pain scale, a one-point reduction (p=0.001) was identified. DISCUSSION: Music therapy presents beneficial effects in relation to reductions in RF, HR and pain level, as well as an increase in oxygen saturation and axillary temperature. CONCLUSION: Music therapy interferes positively with the physiological responses of PTNBs on non-invasive ventilation.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos de la musicoterapia sobre las respuestas fisiológicas de los recién nacidos prematuros (RNP) con ventilación no invasiva. MÉTODO: Estudio cuasiexperimental, de un solo grupo, del tipo antes y después, con treinta prematuros, hospitalizados en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. RESULTADOS: Se observó una reducción de la frecuencia respiratoria (FR) de hasta seis respiraciones por minuto (p=<0,001) y de la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) de hasta siete latidos por minuto (p=<0,002). Se detectó un aumento del 2% (p=0,003) en la saturación de oxígeno. La temperatura axilar aumentó 0,1ºC tras la intervención (p=0,05). Se identificó la reducción de un punto (p=0,001) en la escala de dolor. DISCUSIÓN: La musicoterapia tiene efectos beneficiosos en cuanto a la reducción de la FR, FC y el nivel de dolor, así como también, un aumento de la saturación de oxígeno y temperatura axilar. CONCLUSIÓN: La musicoterapia interfiere positivamente en las respuestas fisiológicas del RNP con ventilación no invasiva.